Buying a used car offers many advantages, the main one being saving a great deal of money. However, it also comes with risks, especially when the car hasn't been driven for a long time. Such vehicles are more prone to problems and may end up costing you more in the long run. To mitigate these risks, a used car inspection is essential. This article will guide you through the key areas to inspect before buying a used car, highlight common red flags, and provide safety restart steps.
Why Do Cars Deteriorate When Left Unused?
Cars deteriorate when left unused primarily because their mechanical systems rely heavily on consistent movement to maintain proper lubrication and prevent the buildup of corrosion or rust. So, if you leave your car unused for an extended period, it will likely develop major issues.
The Impact of Long-Term Inactivity on a Car’s Components
Long-term inactivity can lead to several serious issues with a car’s components. The battery may drain, tires can develop flat spots, and the fuel will likely degrade. Fluids like oil can break down, and rust can form on metal parts, especially if the car has been stored in a moist environment.
The brake system, seals, and gaskets can also deteriorate, leading to leaks or reduced performance. The A/C system may also suffer, with potential leaks, and the interior can experience fading or mold growth.
How Long is “Too Long” for a Car to Sit Unused?
It is recommended to drive your car every two to three weeks to maintain its good condition. Several factors, such as climate and environment, can affect how quickly your car will start to deteriorate. After 1-3 months of inactivity, issues such as rust, clogged fuel systems, and severe battery drain can occur, necessitating extensive maintenance.
If you store the car for longer periods, such as a year, it will likely require major and expensive repairs, including replacing tires, fluids, and addressing mold or rust.
Key Areas to Inspect Before Buying a Used Car That Hasn’t Been Driven
Battery and Electrical System
When a vehicle hasn’t been used for a while, the battery is often the first component to fail. Check if it holds a charge or is completely drained. Also, inspect the terminals closely. Corrosion may prevent the electrical system from functioning properly.
A weak battery or poor connections could cause the lights, radio, or even the starter to fail. If you have a multimeter, check the voltage—anything below 12.4 volts is a warning sign.
It’s also wise to get a vehicle history report to check whether the car has had any prior issues that may affect its current condition.
Fluid Levels and Condition
Fluids are essential for a car's performance. Check the oil— if it appears dark and thick or is too low, the engine may have experienced damage. The levels of transmission fluid, coolant, and brake fluid should be at the right levels and look clean.
Old coolant can cause corrosion in parts, and stale brake fluid may result in spongy brakes. Open the hood and check the dipsticks to determine whether this vehicle has received proper maintenance or has been neglected.
Tires and Suspension
Tires can develop flat spots if they've been stationary in the same position for a long time, leading to a rough and bumpy ride.
Check the tire condition for dry rot as well—small cracks in the rubber indicate the tires are brittle and unsafe. Gently bounce the car to test the suspension; if it feels unusual or you hear creaking noises, the shocks may be worn out.
Prolonged inactivity can also affect wheel alignment, so watch for uneven tire wear. A brief drive around the block will reveal if it pulls to one side or vibrates.
Brakes and Rotors
Brakes on an inactive vehicle can become corroded—check the rotors for any orange buildup, especially if the car has been parked outdoors. This rust can quickly degrade the pads or cause uneven braking.
The calipers, which compress the pads, may seize up from prolonged inactivity, leading to weak or overly aggressive braking. Press the pedal to check if it feels solid or spongy. If the vehicle has been neglected, a simple repair may not be enough to ensure safe stopping.
Engine and Fuel System
An engine that hasn't been used in a long time can develop a range of issues, especially in the fuel system. Look for signs of engine wear, such as rough idling or misfires, which indicate that the engine is struggling. Old gasoline can become stale and sticky, potentially clogging injectors or fuel lines. If possible, check the tank for a varnish-like odor, which signals that the fuel has gone bad.
Undercarriage and Rust Inspection
The undercarriage can suffer a lot of damage, especially in humid or salty environments, as rust can form and damage the frame. Be sure to check for flaky, orange spots or holes.
Use a tool to tap on metal areas—solid is desirable, crumbly is bad. Prolonged exposure to wet ground can accelerate decay, so check where the car has been parked. A solid undercarriage suggests the car may still have some life left.
Common Red Flags to Watch For
Visible Damage or Heavy Rust
Examine the car's exterior and undercarriage for any signs of damage or rust. A vehicle that hasn’t been driven in a long time is prone to rust damage due to moisture accumulation, especially on metal areas such as the frame, wheel wells, or exhaust system.
Minor surface rust may only be cosmetic, but widespread or severe corrosion could indicate potential future breakdowns.
Persistent Leaks Under the Car
Look for any signs of leaks, such as oil, coolant, or brake fluid stains under the car. Its seals and gaskets may have dried out or developed cracks, leading to fluid leaks once the engine is started.
Ongoing leaks after a brief test drive could indicate worn parts that need replacement, adding to your repair expenses from the start.
Unusual Noises During Startup or Test Drive
Pay close attention when starting the engine and during the test drive. A car that hasn't been used may produce grinding, squealing, or knocking noises due to seized components, old belts, or low fluids.
These sounds could indicate major mechanical issues, such as a malfunctioning starter, worn bearings, or a damaged transmission, so it’s important not to overlook them.
Check Engine Light or Other Warning Indicators
Keep an eye on the dashboard for any check engine lights or other warning indicators. In a car that has been inactive for a long period, sensors may activate alerts due to old fuel, poor battery health, or worn-out engine parts.
If the lights remain on after attempting to reset them or after a short drive, it indicates that the vehicle requires professional diagnostics and repairs before it is safe to drive.
Steps to Safely Restart and Test Drive a Long-Unused Vehicle
A brief test drive is critical when checking a used car. It requires careful attention to prevent potential damage and ensure it is safe for use.
Follow the test drive steps below to properly assess the vehicle and check its condition.
How to Jump-Start a Car That Has Been Sitting
- Check the battery: It’s likely dead from sitting.
- Connect the red cable: Attach the positive terminal of the dead battery to the positive terminal of the donor battery.
- Connect the black cable: Attach the negative terminal of the donor battery to an unpainted metal part of the idle car.
- Start the donor car: Wait 2-3 minutes, then start the car.
- Disconnect the cables in reverse order: Let the car run to recharge the battery.
What to Listen for During the First Startup
When you start the engine, listen for unusual noises. A healthy engine should hum smoothly. A clicking noise may indicate a weak battery or starter motor, and clunking sounds from the suspension could suggest wear or damage.
Note any whining from the fuel pump or rattling from the air conditioning or heater system. If you hear anything concerning, it's wise to have the car inspected by a mechanic.
Safe Driving Tests to Assess Condition
- After starting the car, take it for a short, careful test drive on a quiet street.
- Test the brakes for their responsiveness. If the pedals feel soft or spongy, it may indicate air in the lines or old brake fluid.
- Shift through all the gears to assess the transmission. Any delay could indicate a problem.
- Drive at low speeds and gradually increase your speed, paying attention to any vibrations or a tendency for the car to pull to one side, as these could indicate suspension or tire issues.
- Keep the drive brief to prevent putting too much strain on untested parts.
When to Get a Professional Inspection
There are several situations where calling a mechanic is necessary. These include:
- Leaving your vehicle unused for a very long time
- Detecting strange sounds when starting the engine
- Noticing any fluid leaks, overheating issues, or vibrations while driving
- Experiencing a noticeable decline in performance
- Seeing warning lights on the dashboard
- Considering the purchase of a used car
Cost vs. Benefit of a Pre-Purchase Inspection
A pre-purchase inspection may seem like an extra cost, but in reality, it is a small investment to prevent expensive repairs later on. Although the inspection price usually falls between $100 and $200, it can reveal hidden problems that might save you thousands of dollars in repairs.
A mechanic’s thorough assessment will help you avoid purchasing a car with major underlying issues. The benefit of understanding the actual condition of the car far outweighs the upfront cost of the inspection, offering you peace of mind and saving you from making a bad financial decision.
Before buying a used car that hasn’t been driven in a long time, it’s best to do your research on vehicle history, reviews, and market value. Set a budget that includes insurance, car maintenance costs, and repairs. Remember to have a mechanic conduct a pre-purchase inspection and take the car for a test drive to check its performance.
Don’t hesitate to negotiate based on the car’s condition and market price to ensure that you’re making a smart financial decision. If the asking price is higher than the market value and the car’s condition is questionable, you can always walk away.